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General situation and development trend of auto parts industry (with report catalogue) 1. Overview of the auto parts market (1) The auto parts industry is mainly dominated by traditional auto industry powers such as Japan, Germany and the United States, and the gap between Chinese auto parts companies and international leading companies is gradually narrowing Auto parts manufacturers present the characteristics of professionalism, independence, and globalization of management, and they are mainly distributed in the United States, Japan, and Germany. According to the 2020 list of the top 100 global auto parts companies announced by the China Automobile News, the top ten global auto parts companies, except Weichai Group, are located in China, and the other nine are strong in traditional auto industries such as Germany and Japan; the top 100 companies Among the companies, Japan, Germany and the United States have the most parts and components. Japan ranked first with 27, Germany with 17 and the United States with 15 in third place. In comparison, Chinese auto parts companies started late, but they are in continuous progress. Chinese auto parts companies continue to expand the market by virtue of their cost advantages, advanced manufacturing capabilities, rapid response capabilities, and simultaneous R&D capabilities, and are gradually lagging behind international leading companies. 11 companies have entered the global top 100 auto parts list. Related report: Beijing Puhua Youce Information Consulting Co., Ltd. "Auto Parts Industry Report, Market Scale, Development Prospects, Profit Analysis, Price Trends, Competitive Landscape, Investment Opportunities" picture (2) The auto parts industry is gradually shifting to emerging markets, and procurement is globalized At present, the automobile consumer market in developed countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan is gradually saturated. The automobile market in emerging countries such as China and India has become the world's most growing automobile consumer market. At the same time, these countries have abundant labor and price advantages. With the increasingly fierce competition in the automobile manufacturing industry, in order to effectively reduce production costs and open up emerging markets, automobile and parts companies have begun to accelerate their industrial transfer to China, India, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. With the gradual globalization of the auto parts industry, OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers select the best parts to purchase on a global scale based on product quality, price, delivery and other conditions. They are no longer limited to only purchasing from their own countries. Parts and components products, and parts and components companies are no longer limited to only supplying downstream companies in their own countries, and their products are sold globally. (3) Broad prospects for the development of my country's auto parts industry The auto parts industry is an important part of the auto industry. Benefiting from the market demand brought about by the continuous development of the vehicle manufacturing industry, my country's auto parts industry has also achieved rapid growth in the past ten years. From 2011 to 2017, my country`s auto production and sales were in a trend of continuous growth, and the auto parts industry was able to develop rapidly. The industry`s sales revenue increased from 1.98 trillion yuan in 2011 to 3.88 trillion yuan in 2017, with an average compound annual growth rate reaching 11.89%; In 2018 and 2019, due to the decline in the production and sales of complete vehicles, the sales revenue of my country's auto parts industry has also declined compared with 2017; in 2020, under the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the sales of my country's auto parts industry Revenue has risen against the trend, an increase of 55.295 billion yuan over 2019, an increase of 1.55%. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's economy will maintain a positive trend, and consumer demand will continue to increase. In the future, my country's auto production and sales still have great growth potential, and my country's auto parts industry has broad development prospects. 2. Characteristics and development trend of auto parts industry (1) The trend of outsourcing parts and components of auto OEMs is obvious Automobiles are generally composed of engine systems, transmission systems, steering systems, etc., and each system is composed of multiple parts. There are many types of parts involved in the assembly of vehicles, and the specifications and types of automobile parts of different brands and models are also different. Each is different, it is difficult to form a large-scale standardized production. As the leading players in the industry, auto makers have gradually stripped out various parts and components in order to improve their production efficiency and profitability, while reducing their financial pressure, and handed over to upstream parts manufacturers for supporting production. (2) The auto parts industry has a clear division of labor, showing specialization and large-scale characteristics The auto parts industry has the characteristics of multi-level division of labor. The auto parts supply chain is mainly divided into first, second, and third-tier suppliers according to the pyramid structure of "parts, components, and system assemblies". Tier 1 suppliers have the ability to participate in the joint research and development of vehicle manufacturers and have strong comprehensive competitiveness. Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers generally focus on materials, production processes and cost reduction. Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers have fierce competition. It is necessary to get rid of homogenized competition by increasing R&D, enhancing the added value of products, and optimizing products. As the role of vehicle manufacturers gradually shifts from a large and comprehensive integrated production and assembly model to a focus on vehicle project R&D and design, the role of auto parts manufacturers has gradually extended from being a mere manufacturer to joint development with vehicle manufacturers. Develop and produce according to the requirements of the factory. Under the background of specialized division of labor, specialized and large-scale auto parts manufacturing enterprises have gradually formed. (3) Auto parts tend to be lightweight A. Energy-saving and emission-reduction has made the weight of the car body an inevitable trend in the development of traditional automobiles In response to the call for energy saving and emission reduction, various countries have introduced passenger vehicle fuel consumption standards and regulations. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of my country, the average fuel consumption standard for passenger cars in China will be reduced from 6.9L/100km in 2015 to 5L/100km in 2020, a decrease of up to 27.5%; the EU adopts mandatory legal means to replace voluntary CO2 Emission reduction agreements, the implementation of vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 limit requirements and labeling systems within the EU; the United States has issued light-duty vehicle fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission regulations, requiring the average fuel economy of light-duty vehicles in the United States to reach 56.2mpg by 2025 . According to the relevant data of the International Aluminum Association, the weight of fuel vehicles is roughly positively correlated with fuel consumption. For every 100kg reduction in vehicle quality, about 0.6L of fuel per 100 kilometers can be saved, and 800-900g of CO2 emissions can be reduced. The traditional car body is lighter. Quantification is currently one of the main energy saving and emission reduction methods, and has become an inevitable trend in the development of the automotive industry. B. The cruising range of new energy vehicles promotes the further application of lightweight technologies With the rapid increase in the production and sales of electric vehicles, the cruising range is still an important factor restricting the development of electric vehicles. According to relevant data from the International Aluminum Association, the weight of electric vehicles is positively correlated with power consumption. In addition to the power battery energy and density factors, the weight of the vehicle is a key factor affecting the cruising range of electric vehicles. If the weight of a pure electric vehicle is reduced by 10kg, the cruising range can be increased by 2.5km. Therefore, under the new situation, the development of electric vehicles has an urgent need for lightweight. C. Aluminum alloy has outstanding comprehensive cost performance and is the preferred material for automobile lightweight There are three main ways to achieve lightweighting: the use of lightweight materials, lightweight design, and lightweight manufacturing. From the perspective of materials, lightweight materials mainly include aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, carbon fiber, and high-strength steel. In terms of weight reduction effect, high-strength steel-aluminum alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber shows a trend of increasing weight reduction effect; from a cost perspective, high-strength steel-aluminum alloy-magnesium alloy-carbon fiber shows a trend of increasing cost. Among the lightweight materials for automobiles, the comprehensive cost performance of aluminum alloy materials is higher than that of steel, magnesium, plastics and composite materials. It has comparative advantages in terms of application technology, operational safety and recycling. Statistics show that in 2020, in the lightweight materials market, aluminum alloy accounts for up to 64%, which is currently the most important lightweight material. Report directory: 1 List of charts: 24 Chapter 1: Overview of the development of the automotive industry from 2016 to 2021 30 1.1 2016-2021 global automotive industry overall analysis 30 1.1.1 Overview of the development of the world automobile industry 30 1.1.2 Comparative analysis of industrial policies in various countries 30 1.1.3 New characteristics of the development of the automobile industry 33 1.1.4 "Analysis of production and sales of the global automotive market 35 1.1.5Analysis of production and sales of the American automobile market 35 1.1.6 German automobile market production and sales analysis 36 1.1.7 Analyze the production and sales of the Japanese automobile market 36 1.2 Overview of the development of China's automobile industry 37 1.2.1 Analyze the development stage of China's automobile industry 37 1.2.2 The strategic role of the automobile industry on economic development 39 1.2.3 Overview of the development model of the entire zero relationship of the auto industry 40 1.2.4 Overview of the development of independent brands in China`s auto industry 40 1.2.5Analysis of the development status of China's automobile industry cluster 41 1.3 2016-2021 China's automobile industry economic operation analysis 42 1.4 2016-2021 China's auto import and export analysis 44 1.5 Problems and countermeasures in the development of China's automobile industry 45 1.5.1 Bottlenecks encountered in the development of China's automobile industry 45 1.5.2 Analysis of countermeasures for the internationalization of Chinese auto brands 49 1.5.3 Organizational Relations Strategy for Improving the Competitiveness of China's Auto Industry 51 1.5.4 Relevant rational thinking about the development of China's automobile industry 55 Chapter Two: 2016-2021 International Auto Parts Development 56 2.1 Overall analysis of the global auto parts industry from 2016 to 2021 56 2.1.1 Overview of market development 56 2.1.2 Features of Industrial Development 56 2.1.3 Corporate competitive landscape 57 2.1.4Analysis of transaction mergers and acquisitions 58 2.1.5 Industry development experience 58 2.1.6 Market size forecast 59 2.1.7 Market Development Trend 59 2.2 Europe 60 2.2.1 European auto parts market operation 60 2.2.2 Development status of German auto parts companies 60 2.2.3 Development Trends of French Auto Parts Enterprises 63 2.2.4 Overview of Portugal's auto parts industry 64 2.3 United States 68 2.3.1 Overview of the development of the U.S. auto parts market 68 2.3.2 Sales model of American auto parts market 69 2.3.3 U.S. parts auto market import situation 69 2.4 Japan 70 2.4.1 Main distribution channels of Japanese auto parts 70 2.4.2 Japanese auto parts production and supply system 70 2.4.3Analysis of Japan's foreign trade in auto parts 71 2.5 Korea 71 2.5.1 Korean auto parts industry policy situation 71 2.5.2 Development Trends of Korean Auto Parts Enterprises 72 2.5.3 ``Analysis of the status quo of South Korea's auto parts import and export 72 2.5.4 South Korea`s experience analysis in the auto parts market 73 2.6 Other regions 74 2.6.1 Brazil's auto parts industry scale 74 2.6.2Analysis of Mexico's auto parts industry 75 2.6.3 The operation of Thailand's auto parts industry 76 2.6.4 India's auto parts industry operation status 77 Chapter Three: Analysis on the Development of China's Auto Parts Industry from 2016 to 2021 78 3.1 Overview of the development of China's auto parts industry 78 3.1.1Analysis of upstream and downstream industrial chain 78 3.1.2 Industry status and importance 79 3.1.3 Improvement of overall economic indicators 79 3.1.4 Industry fixed asset investment 80 3.1.5 Analysis of enterprise R&D investment 81 3.1.6 Reasons for changes in profit level 81 3.1.7 Industry Development Strategy Planning 82 3.2 2016-2021 China's auto parts listed companies' financial status 84 3.2.1 Corporate Development Trends 84 3.2.2 Industry revenue and net profit 85 3.3 Analysis of the relationship between the auto parts industry and the vehicle industry 85 3.3.1 The relationship model of foreign vehicle and spare parts industry 85 3.3.2 Chinese auto parts companies and vehicle companies are mutually dependent 87 3.3.3 The relationship model of China's auto parts and auto matching 87 3.3.4 Main issues between Chinese vehicles and parts 91 3.3.5 The future of China's auto parts and auto matching relationship 92 3.4 Analysis of the development model of China's auto parts industry 93 3.4.1 The development stage of the industry organization structure model 93 3.4.2 China's auto parts industry development model 94 3.4.3 Typical model of foreign auto parts industry 95 3.4.4 Development direction of my country's auto parts industry model 96 3.5Analysis of e-commerce development in auto parts industry 98 3.5.1 Application advantages of e-commerce model 98 3.5.2 The reasons for the application of e-commerce model 99 3.5.3 E-commerce business model application case 99 3.5.4 E-commerce model application problems and countermeasures 101 3.6 Problems in China's auto parts industry 102 3.6.1 Challenges facing China's auto parts industry 102 3.6.2 Main problems of Chinese auto parts companies 103 3.6.3 Insufficient strength of Chinese auto parts brands 104 3.6.4 "Restrictive factors of China's auto parts industry 105 3.7 The development strategy of China's auto parts industry 106 3.7.1 Development strategy of China's auto parts industry 106 3.7.2 The key factors for the success of the auto parts industry 107 3.7.3 China's auto parts enterprises development strategy 107 3.7.4 Suggestions to improve the independent innovation ability of auto parts enterprises 108 Chapter Four: 2016-2021 China Auto Parts Market Analysis 110 4.1 2016-2021 China's auto parts market trade analysis 110 4.2 China's motor vehicle parts and accessories import and export data analysis 110 4.2.1 ``Analysis of total import and export data of China's motor vehicle parts and accessories 110 4.2.2 Analysis of import and export situation of motor vehicle parts and accessories in major trading countries 112 4.2.3 2018 auto parts trade situation 113 4.3 2016-2021 market analysis of foreign-funded auto parts companies in China 114 4.3.1 Layout of foreign capital's production capacity in China 114 4.3.2 Layout in the commercial vehicle market 116 4.3.3 Seize the emerging automotive field 117 4.3.4 Challenges faced by foreign-funded enterprises 118 4.3.5 outside

An auto parts salesperson once asked the auto parts boss: "There is a small stall in the auto parts city that sells small factory accessories. The price is very low and it is difficult to deal with. What should I do?" The auto parts boss asked, "Since the small stall is so powerful, why? It`s always been a small stall that manages non-standardized production of accessories from a small factory, but we are a well-known domestic car brand operated by a large auto parts company?" In fact, the low price of accessories usually only plays a "spoiler" role in the market. Incompetent bungler. In adversarial competition, high prices are often distracted or even frightened by low prices, but low prices are always difficult to rival high prices, and even defeated in the face of high prices. There is no profit support for auto parts. Where can auto parts provide distribution, after-sales service and update inventory of spare parts! Low-price strategy is sure to die! Customers have always felt that auto parts are expensive, and their mission is to keep prices down. They count the purchase cost of auto parts with me. I really want to ask him: Has the cost of auto parts personnel's salary and invoiced tax point been increased? Has the store cost and warehouse rent of the auto parts company increased? Are the management costs and inventory costs of the auto parts company added? Has the auto parts company's door-to-door logistics cost and spare parts eliminated cost increased? Do you still have after-sales? Do you need three guarantees of auto parts quality? Auto parts price strategy: Low price ignores the quality of auto parts itself, and only leaves customers with the impression of cheap parts, so the low price strategy of auto parts will undoubtedly die! Only by positioning the quality of auto parts, reasonably pricing, and accumulating reasonable auto parts profits can the long-term competitiveness of auto parts enterprises and their sustainable development strategies be improved! The prerequisite for auto parts service is profit. The profit margin of auto parts can be squeezed, but it cannot disappear. Otherwise, auto parts service will disappear together with the profit of auto parts. Please don't over-demand to lower prices. Every auto parts company or auto parts stall must survive. If you take away their auto parts space, the auto parts service will disappear. Please respect the auto parts industry, every auto parts person who does his best to serve the automotive aftermarket, including ourselves! Excuse me! Sometimes we will say to you: No, because we will work hard to do everything in the auto parts service, not only responsible for you, but also responsible for ourselves, but also responsible for the safety of drivers who drive on the road all day!

1. Don't be greedy for cheap Among auto parts, the price of fake products is usually several times cheaper than the real ones, of course, at the cost of the difference in quality. Therefore, it is best to pay attention to the prices of commonly used auto parts. If you find that the price of the product is too different from the price in the impression, you must be vigilant. Be sure to find out whether low-priced products are normal discounts, price cuts, or fakes. Second, observe the packaging Generally speaking, the outer packaging box of authentic products has clear writing, accurate overprinting, bright colors, and is marked with product name, specification, model, quantity, etc. Some important parts are equipped with instructions for use. The packaging of many fakes is very rough, and there is no instruction manual. The printing of authentic products is a unified standard specification, and the handwriting is clear and regular; while fake and inferior products can always find flaws in the packaging. For example, Changan Kaicheng's original accessories are packaged in cartons with Changan logos, adhesive tapes, plastic packaging, and there are special accessories labels. On the physical surface of the parts, there are permanent parts names, part numbers, and supply codes engraved on them. The supplier code rule is a capital English letter plus five Arabic numerals, such as "S04121". Or spray the part number, supplier code, and production batch number with white paint on the physical surface. 3. Choose "Original" If the key components of the vehicle fail, you should go to the 4S store or service station designated by Changan Kaicheng to purchase the original authentic parts; the fake and inferior parts that are not assembled by the original factory are often easy to cause damage to the vehicle body. Four, visually detect the color The top 100 Chinese Internet companies list mainly refers to the annual development data of Internet companies. The evaluation indicators cover not only financial indicators such as revenue, profit, and human capital, but also business indicators such as traffic and the number of active users. Five, observe the paint Some unscrupulous merchants simply process, disassemble, put together, paint and package the waste parts as qualified products, illegally obtain high profits, and these parts can be authenticated from the appearance of paint or performance inspection. Take the original sheet metal parts as an example, in order to prevent the parts from getting rusty, they are all in the state of electrophoretic primer without top coat. The electrophoretic primer has strong adhesion on the metal surface, and the surface is smooth and bright. It is available in gray and black. Changan Kaicheng chooses gray. Six, take a closer look at the material Authentic products are made of high-quality materials according to design requirements, while fake and inferior products are often substituted with cheap and inferior materials. If there are rust spots on the new parts, cracks and aging of the rubber parts, and desoldering and degumming at the joints, most of these parts have problems. Seven, with or without protection Most auto parts are coated with protective layers when they leave the factory. For example, piston pins and bushes are protected with paraffin wax; the surfaces of piston rings and cylinder liners are coated with anti-rust oil, and the valves and pistons are wrapped in wrapping paper and then packaged in plastic bags. If the sealing sleeve is damaged, the wrapping paper is lost, and the anti-rust oil or paraffin is lost, the product will be damaged even if it is not a counterfeit product.

The rapid growth of the automotive industry has driven the vigorous development of the automotive aftermarket. According to statistics, the scale of China's automotive aftermarket exceeded one trillion in 2018, a year-on-year increase of 30%. It is expected that the average annual growth rate of the future market will exceed 30%. Shandong Province, as the top three major provinces in terms of domestic auto ownership, has a huge aftermarket capacity. In recent years, the auto parts industry and related supporting industries in various parts of Shandong have developed vigorously, and auto parts wholesale markets have continued to emerge and have become quite large. In order to better promote the development of the automotive aftermarket industry, the 2022 Shandong Province (Rizhao) Auto Parts Exhibition will be held at the Rizhao International Expo Center from May 13th to 15th, 2022. This exhibition is hosted by Wanqi Exhibition. It aims to build an excellent platform for display, communication, and commerce for auto parts companies and merchants across the country, so that professional buyers and companies can be connected at zero distance and create greater economic benefits. Rizhao is a key automobile industry base in Shandong and is the largest overseas power system production base of Hyundai Group. More than 350 companies form a complete upstream and downstream industrial chain. Great Wall (Weiyi) Rizhao Production Base and ZTE Vehicle The project has been put into production, and Rizhao Automobile's complete vehicle and parts industry will achieve transformation and upgrading one step at a time, and finally realize the dream of complete vehicles. Registration and exhibition: May 11-12, 2022 (09: 00-17: 00) Opening time: May 13, 2022 (09:00) Exhibition time: May 13-15, 2022 (09: 00-17: 00) Dismantling time: May 15, 2022 (14:00) 1. Auto parts, auto parts, engine systems, chassis systems, braking systems, driving systems, steering systems, body systems, transmission systems, exhaust systems, cooling systems, fuel systems, auto accessories, general parts, fastening Parts, seals, friction materials, automotive motors, bearings, batteries, filters, radiators, mufflers, sensors, instruments, wipers, transmissions, clutches, clutch plates, brake pads, automotive springs, shock absorbers, insurance Bars, airbags, seats, glass, car mirrors, car lights, car air conditioners, tires, wheels, chains, snow chains, car wiring harnesses, connectors, rigid tubes, hoses, flexible shafts, cables, automotive textiles , Automotive paint, lubricants, engine oil, additives, automotive supplies, automotive electronics, automotive audio and video, audio, navigation, automotive communications, security and anti-theft systems, automotive refitting parts and supplies, auto maintenance equipment and tools, automotive molds, automotive Parts manufacturing technology, equipment, tools and materials, auto parts cleaning equipment and packaging, new automotive products, automotive energy saving and environmental protection and new energy technologies and products, related software, media, certification, financial and insurance institutions, etc. 2. Car modification: xenon lights, tires, wheels, windows, sound insulation materials, seats, size surrounds, bumpers, fixed wind wings, luggage racks, front and rear guard bars, wiper blades, brake lights, buffers, spark plugs, Exhaust pipes, mufflers, silencing shock absorbers, pedals, horns, intake and exhaust systems, weathervanes, fuel catalysts, fog lights, acceleration fuel saving, turn signals, emergency lights, engine shells, chassis decoration lights, leather Modifications, electronic rectifiers, tail wings, angel eye apertures, insulation cotton, body decoration lines, middle nets, sealing strips, front rail stickers, outer pedals, etc.; 3. Car beauty: polishing wax, instrument wax, wax brush, moose skin, repair wax, air purifier, car wash, water wax, car wash shampoo, pre-washing liquid, car fog enemy, car rain enemy, car interior Fragrance, neutral car washing liquid, soil relaxant, etc.; 4. Car maintenance: lubricating oil, glass water, car wax, leather care, antifreeze, antifogging agent, rust remover, foam cleaning agent, air freshener, rainproof agent, oil additive, antiwear agent, engine Cleaning, all-purpose water, repair agent, spray paint, putty, car deodorization and deodorization, starter, carburetor cleaner, sealant, plugging agent, car surface wax, car coating, chassis seal, brake fluid Wait; 5. Car decoration: seat cushions, seat covers, steering wheel covers, carpets, pillows, ornaments, non-slip cushions, waist cushions, fabric car decorations, leather car decorations, perfume seats, ashtrays, cigarette lighters, seat belt covers/ Clip, car logo, neck pillow, compass, lighting frame, position light, stop handle, handle cover, sun block, tissue box, mobile phone holder, barometer, instrument decoration panel, static sticker, curtain, glove box, wind chime Dolls, explosion-proof membranes, car jackets, stickers, weather shields, door bowl decorations, outer handle stickers, wiper blades, spare tire covers, fenders, hub caps, license plate holders, car antennas, car fog lamp frames, exhaust Covers, fuel tank cap stickers, car light eyebrows, anti-collision strips, car tail light frames, etc.; 6. Car electronics: DVD navigation, portable GPS, car audio, car amplifier, car horn, electronic dog, car phone, car refrigerator, car air conditioner, car MP3, car DVD, power window/sunroof, mobile phone car charger, car TV, Decoders, equalizers, car monitors, original car audio, electronic clocks, batteries, lamps, car vacuum cleaners, power sockets, CD discs, power converters, etc.; 7. Car safety products: airbags, window closers, warning signs, TPMS, central locks, anti-theft locks, anti-theft devices, steering wheel locks, child seats, fire extinguishers, driving recorders, gear locks, automatic locks, alarms , Fatigue driving warning, etc.; 8. Fast car repair, auto maintenance: tires, car washers, dehydrators, sterilizers, polishers, air compressors, foam machines, jacks, four-wheel alignment devices, waxing machines, maintenance pads, car repair boards, Tire repair tools, meters, automobile testing equipment, tool kits, cylinder liner dials, painting equipment, lying roofs, balancing machines, tire changers, wrenches, oil cleaning machines, circulating water equipment, pipe locking machines, maintenance gadgets Wait. 9. Complete vehicles such as civil vehicles, passenger (cargo) vehicles, engineering vehicles, passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, mini vehicles, new energy vehicles and special vehicles; 10. Comprehensive accessories, general accessories, hydraulic and pneumatic components, seals and rubber, fasteners, automotive environmental protection, automotive air conditioners, hardware tools; 11. Vehicle air-conditioning system: various car air-conditioners, passenger car air-conditioners, truck air-conditioners, engineering vehicle air-conditioners, automotive air-conditioning accessories, various automotive air-conditioning compressors, motors, heaters, air conditioners, condensers, evaporators, Radiator, thermostat, heater, etc.;

Time: April 26-28, 2022 Location: Chongqing International Expo Center The automobile industry is an important force to promote a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. In order to help the transformation and upgrading of my country's automobile industry and promote the development of diversified openness and high integration of the industrial chain, it is sponsored by the China Automobile Industry Association, Chongqing Electronics Society, Chongqing Power Supply Society, The Sichuan Institute of Electronics, Chongqing Automobile Business Association, Sichuan Automobile Industry Association, and Guangdong Automobile Networking Industry Alliance are co-organized. With the theme of "Technology Leading Cross-Border Integration to Promote Industrial Ecological Development", this exhibition will focus on exhibiting innovative automotive products, cutting-edge technological achievements and solutions, and fully explore global automotive innovation technologies in the form of [exhibition", [forum" and [recommendation" Development opportunities in the field, aiming to create a high-level, international and professional automotive industry technology exhibition.

Founded in 1976, teamtechnik is a German automation company with a long history and core technology. For many years, teamtechnik has been focusing on the development and construction of customized automation systems for automotive electrification, medical technology and new energy fields. With its technical advantages, teamtechnik has become a strong competitor in the international market in assembly and functional test systems. Today, Teamtechnik Group is firmly committed to the strategy of localization in China. Teamtechnik Suzhou continues to develop local capabilities to provide Chinese customers with: engineering, manufacturing, project management, production and service. Teamtechnik Suzhou promises: Made in China, quality in Germany. Automotive testing Expo is currently China's largest vehicle and auto parts testing exhibition. Automotive testing can provide one-stop solutions for pre-production lines of automobiles and parts, production lines and production line terminal assembly testing and verification technologies and services. If you want to learn about the latest auto parts automated production and technology and services, shorten the product production cycle and improve production efficiency. teamtechnik will meet you on time at Automotive testing Expo 2021, and we will bring you more excellent automotive solutions! Time: 2021.12.13~15

We often hear some old drivers say that the chassis is loose when driving. So what does the loose chassis have to do with it? The looseness of the chassis is mainly related to the life and usage of the chassis components. The hardness and aging of the various bushings on the suspension link will affect our driving experience. It is recommended to replace it in time if the aging problem is found, so as to maintain the good performance of the vehicle. picture picture So how do we choose the bushing? In the picture, the original swing arm bushing only considers the convenience of mass production and the moderate demand of cost performance in terms of material and design. When the original part is in working condition, the rubber will be used when the swing arm swings up and down. Repeatedly squeezed, the rubber loses its toughness and even breaks due to overheating and aging. This is the fundamental reason why the chassis will appear loose after the kilometer count. Cumming's bushings take into account product quality and loading in both design and material. In effect, they are not a best-selling product that satisfies the public, but only to serve customers who have high demands on cars and pursue high-quality customers!

Rubber bushing is an engineering material with good elasticity, which can withstand large strains without permanent deformation and fracture. In the automobile industry, rubber materials are widely used in various shock and noise reduction devices. In the development of rubber products, durability is the key performance, because the fatigue failure of rubber bushings will greatly affect the stability and comfort of the entire vehicle, and even affect the normal safety performance, leading to accidents. At present, the design and development of domestic rubber products mainly rely on tests for verification, resulting in long product design cycles and high development costs. If in the early stage of project development, through the method of virtual simulation analysis, the durability of the rubber bushing can be effectively predicted, and a lot of costs can be saved, and the development cycle can be shortened. picture 1. The establishment of CAE mesh model of rubber bushing Considering the large deformation of rubber, it is necessary to use hexahedral mesh elements for simulation calculation to obtain correct results. However, if the model structure is complex, hexahedral modeling is often very difficult. Rubber bushings need to consider the NVH performance of the vehicle, and the rigidity requirements in each direction are different, so the structural design is more complicated, making hexahedral mesh modeling very difficult. For different rubber bushings, we have formulated a variety of different bushing modeling methods. The following figure shows the modeling method of a certain swing arm comfort bushing. 2. Calculation of stress and strain of rubber bushing based on ABAQUS Based on the ABAQUS software, select the appropriate rubber constitutive model to calculate the stress and strain of the rubber bushing. Because the rubber bushing must ensure the NVH performance of the whole vehicle, the general movement stroke is very large, so the strain of the bushing is extremely large. When the stress-strain nonlinear calculation is performed, it is easy to not converge, and the next fatigue calculation cannot be performed. By adjusting the finite element model, increasing the convergence control coefficient, and improving the stiffness of the hourglass, the convergence results can be obtained. picture picture 3. Obtaining the fatigue parameters of rubber materials The rubber crack growth method mainly studies the number of cycles that the initial micro cracks pre-existing in the structure expand to the critical size under various use environments. Most of the life of rubber parts depends on the growth of small cracks. Through a series of fatigue tests, the relationship between the rubber crack growth rate and the energy release rate can be obtained to form a crack growth parameter model. The Lake-Lindley model is used to study the fatigue life, and the material tests are performed to obtain the necessary parameters of the fatigue model, that is, the Lake-Lindley model of crack growth. picture picture 4. Fatigue calculation of rubber bushing based on FE-SAFE RUBBER The FE-SAFE RUBBER module is currently the only commercialized rubber fatigue analysis software. The calculation can be carried out after inputting the stress and strain results of the part and the load history. Support a variety of stress and strain calculation software interfaces, such as NASTRAN, ABAQUS, DYNA, etc. Comes with a variety of fatigue parameter curves for commonly used rubbers, and supports actual fatigue test parameters. 5. Typical case of fatigue simulation of rubber bushing The following figure is the fatigue simulation calculation result of a suspension bushing. It can be seen that the maximum damage position and the maximum stress and strain position are different, so it is necessary to perform fatigue simulation analysis. There are still many problems to be solved in rubber fatigue simulation technology. The calculation of the large strain of rubber is still unstable: For example, there are many kinds of rubber materials, and the rubber formulas of different manufacturers are different. We only completed a few rubber material tests, and also spent a lot of money. Each type of rubber is tested. , It is definitely unrealistic. For example, the difference between simulation results and actual results requires further benchmarking. Therefore, the development of rubber fatigue simulation technology is a long way to go!

The swing arm bushing is cracked and aging, which greatly reduces the safety and reliability of the vehicle on braking or bumpy roads!

The world is sometimes weird. When you are responsible for something and want to do it well, no one cares whether it is good or bad, right or wrong. When you are not in the right place, others will swarm with problems. The one who appeared in front of you, I realized that I might have met the PUA in the workplace. Regarding the bushing, I have talked about many details casually before. People who understand are bored, and those who don`t understand are struggling to read. This also violates my original intention of writing the bushing article, so I plan to write a bushing case. Let's explain it to facilitate everyone's understanding. Back to the basic concept, is it difficult to make bushings? Not difficult to do! If you just want to make a bush with no problem with fatigue, then you find a reliable supplier, and then choose the most similar model from their technical accumulation, and use "the fatigue adjustment may be problematic" in front of the performance team. Lie down comfortably for this reason, and the leader cooperates. It should be no problem to be a salted fish. But if you want to see the stars and the sea, and plan to work out an ideal suspension with the tuning team, it will be difficult to reach the sky by selecting the model alone. Here we have to develop from zero to one based on the performance requirements and the capabilities of the supplier. The layout of the bushings should be developed before all the structural parts, and the margin for adjustment can be considered as a real entry. picture So the question is, how big is the suspension performance gain between the good and bad bushings? Is it cost-effective to invest in manpower and material resources? The answer is yes. Let's take a look at the adjustment parts of the chassis first, there are not many things that have room to play tricks. The spring plays a supporting role, depending on the stiffness changes. Most of them are straight springs and eccentric springs. At most, they are looking for a variable stiffness spring. The rest is to go to the electronic control. This is a joke without hundreds of millions of development costs; stability The rod is also called the anti-roll rod. Its contribution is to control the lateral angle of the vehicle. To be more technical, it can only be said that the performance of the tight test bushing improves the line stiffness efficiency and the hollow rod lightweight; the shock absorber is the most effective thing. It converts the suspension motion vibration from mechanical energy to thermal energy. The core is to adjust the valve system during the adjustment process. Most of them are based on selection and matching, and they are also electronically controlled, which is very expensive. As for the bushings, there are about 20 bushings in total. The difference between good and bad is no more than 100 yuan. The development cost is several million to the sky, but it can greatly improve the comfort and reduce the rubber lag by reducing the torsional stiffness and dynamic stiffness. Improve maneuverability. If the bushing can be developed positively, the suspension performance is destined to jump out of the dilemma that fatigue is only 600 minutes long, and it will provide greater support and improvement to the performance department, which is extremely cost-effective. Firstly. Here we need to classify the bushings in different positions. The first category is torsion beam and trailing arm bushings, which take into account handling and comfort performance. The movement is extremely complicated. Fatigue is considered to be qualified. As for the best chasing performance, It is a luxury; the second category is the front swing arm comfort bushing and the rear sub-frame bushing, which are mainly comfortable, with moderate fatigue difficulty, and performance has the opportunity to make some new tricks; the third category is other swing arms Bushings. These bushings are mainly manoeuvrability, and the impact on the suspension is not as obvious as the previous four bushings. They need to be optimized on a system-by-system basis, so they are relatively simple. Here we will use three examples to explain (it will be divided into three chapters, anyway, it will be written, whether you post it depends on my mood~especially the performance of the white prostitution~), let's take the development of four-bar bushing as an example ( The stiffness is not real and is for reference only). A rod bushing required stiffness: radial 12000N/mm, vertical 500N/mm, torsion 1.5N.m/° Fastener M14 aluminum B-rod bushing required stiffness: radial 2000N/mm, vertical 500N/mm, torsion 1.5N.m/° Fastener M14 aluminum C-rod bushing required stiffness: radial 14000N/mm, vertical 500N/mm, torsion 1.5N.m/° Fastener M14 aluminum D rod bushing required stiffness: radial 9000N/mm, vertical 500N/mm, torsion 1.5N.m/° Fastener M14 aluminum First of all, we clarify our input. We can see the radial stiffness of the four bushings. The stiffness of bushing B is much lower than that of other parts. We need to confirm the static load to confirm whether there is excessive movement at this point and avoid The three harder points do not move, and the soft points are fatigued due to excessive exercise. Assuming that there is no problem, take point A as an example. Before we choose the structure and rubber, we need to clarify our design ideas. What are the hidden attributes of the core of the suspension link bushing? In my personal opinion, the minimum torsional stiffness and rubber hysteresis should be provided while the stiffness requirements are met. Then, before pursuing these properties, the fatigue problem is the first mountain we must cross. Rubber has a very strange characteristic. It is compressive and not tensile, and all fatigue failures are tensile (except for aging). We can avoid it in two ways. One is the structural design to avoid excessive stretch of the rubber, and the other is to select the formula with the best fatigue performance. Traditional bushing development often has a fixed structure and size, and the rubber material is also fixed. However, the force of the vehicle is different, so it can only meet the pure fatigue performance. Now we need to jump out of the traditional design and no longer use the bushing layout size as a constant , And then use the compound with the best comprehensive performance as a constant. Then after the idea is determined, we return to the structural design. First of all, we do not have a hollow direction, the rigidity is large, and the torsion requirement is small. We can choose the structure with a middle frame insert (if you still think of the inner frame drum type and high torsional rigidity, then you can only say that you know the performance of the vehicle. Too little. The superposition of torsional stiffness will produce parasitic stiffness. Although the model has elastic characteristics, it actually reflects many viscous characteristics. Too high contribution rate of parasitic stiffness will make the rear suspension always have a feeling of screwing force). The first is the inner frame, M14 fasteners, aluminum. We can calculate the cross-sectional area that meets the crushing requirements, and then combine the friction coefficient and static load to determine whether the two ends need to be frosted or knurled. I will not elaborate on the design details here. This needs to be designed in accordance with the specific capabilities of the supplier. The auto factory focuses on auditing, then we can get the outer diameter of the inner frame: A=14 (bolt size) + 0.5 (assembly space, combined with specific needs) Adjustment) + wall thickness (satisfying crushing, process failure, etc.) + X. Then combine the width of the interface to define the height of the inner skeleton to complete the inner skeleton design. When it comes to the rubber part, thickness is the core of the performance of the bushing, and it is also a concentrated experience of the supplier's capabilities. First of all, we must clarify which variables are related to the stiffness of the bushing: it is proportional to the modulus of the rubber, inversely proportional to the thickness of the rubber, and proportional to the height of the rubber. Most of the rubber materials with the best fatigue performance in China are controlled at 60 Shore hardness, while most of them abroad are around 45-50. The corresponding rubber thickness is, for example, 8mm and 6mm, then the difference begins to appear: the 60HA solution will naturally be higher than the 45HA solution due to the hardness limit of the formula, which will have a negative effect on the comfort, and more Thick glue may bring more lag, and for suspension and other stiffness conditions, it will make the control more sluggish. Of course, this does not take into account the requirement of a linear section of rigidity for the bushing. If there is a requirement for a linear section, the thickness of the rubber is already fixed, and the rubber is also fixed. picture Most of the exoskeleton has a fixed thickness, which can meet the requirements of press-in force and extrusion force, and the length needs to be defined. In fact, the length of the exoskeleton is strongly related to the length of the rubber. We need to judge the movement position of the exoskeleton in combination with the static load and the vertical stiffness curve of the bushing. Under the maximum tolerance, there will be no collision noise. In all cases, we have obtained the following dimensions: inner skeleton outer diameter + rubber thickness + adhesive thickness + outer skeleton thickness, the outer diameter of a bushing has been determined, and the configuration is the most comprehensive performance Good rubber compound. Many careful young men have discovered, why can't domestic suppliers use 45HA rubber? Because of the diameter reduction, the closed-end bushing will have two diameter reductions, one after vulcanization, to eliminate stress concentration, and one is to press in the swing arm sleeve to provide extrusion force and squeeze rubber. After previous calculations, the difference between the outer diameter of 60HA and 45HA compounds is 6mm or more, and for every 1mm reduction in outer diameter, the increase in press-in force is exponential. Therefore, foreign suppliers have worked hard to increase the amount of shrinkage, such as opening linings. Set or something In fact, at this point, we have a qualified swing arm bushing layout, which has low dynamic stiffness and hysteresis, and the best fatigue performance. But if this is enough, it can only mean that you are not pursuing. The students who have participated in the adjustment know that the adjustment team will change the bushing hardness to optimize the actual performance of the vehicle. After two rounds, the rubber may enter a hardness range with high fatigue risk, so we really have to lie down again. Let performance compromise? Or let the project give a grinding fee to change the space of the swing arm or the sub-frame? I don't want either. We have already reserved this X genius margin when calculating the outer diameter of the inner frame. For example, the two adjustments are to reduce the hardness. Our compound has become 39HA or even lower. We can replace the stiffness with 45HA. We only need to ensure that the outer diameter remains unchanged, and the inner skeleton minus the thickness of X In this way, the internal skeleton will not fail, and it will also make room for the change of the compound, and the overall performance such as fatigue will be back to the best.

The La Niña phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that the sea surface temperature continues to be abnormally cold. 2021 coincides with Double La Nina, which indicates that this winter will be extremely cold. This year's automotive aftermarket is also a bit like the weather, and I am afraid it will also be baptized by La Niña. There are only a handful of investment and financing projects in the industry throughout the year. This may be the coldest environment in the industry so far. Now that the cold winter is approaching, everyone must take some measures to keep warm. For example, you need to wear more clothes and squeeze the cash flow in your hand; for example, you need to report to the group for warmth, and see if there are friends with complementary resources in the upstream, middle and downstream. For example, if it`s freezing cold outside, don`t go out and wander around if you have nothing to do. The business line should be properly stabilized and red flags should not be blindly planted. Under the long and cold winter, we must not only tighten our clothes and food, but also seize the time to actively exercise and keep fit. The physical fitness of auto aftermarket enterprises is specifically reflected in the efficiency of the auto parts supply chain. On the top of Mount Hua, draw the sword and talk about heroes. The existing auto parts supply chain can be roughly divided into the following four camps according to the model: 1. The faltering auto parts city model; 2. The vigorous supply chain platform model; 3. The mature and stable auto parts chain model; 4. The immortal factory direct sales model. picture Order density Before evaluating the efficiency of the supply chain of these four models, we first introduce an indicator to evaluate the efficiency of the supply chain: order density. This indicator often appears in the new retail industry, such as Meituan, Ele.me, Hema Xiansheng, etc., which all value the order density of a single store. Order density refers to the total number of delivery orders in the same delivery direction in a unit time. The larger the number, the better the distribution efficiency can be achieved at a lower cost. Previously, Yu Le, co-founder of Dingdong Maicai, said that order density is the key to the life and death of a business model. Of course, this refers to the new retail industry, and the auto parts industry is a little more complicated. Obviously, among the four models, Auto Parts City has the most miscellaneous sources and the highest order density. Auto Parts City will evolve a high-frequency distribution model such as a shuttle bus based on a huge amount of supply. The shuttle bus model perfectly balances the two contradictory elements of delivery cost and delivery speed to achieve market demand balance. The second highest order density is the factory direct sales model. The outerwear of direct sales is now popular in-depth distribution. Oil tankers are the most suitable accessory category for in-depth distribution. Many brand tires and lubricants, and even some brand battery factories, have rapidly transformed from in-depth distribution to direct sales. One of the best is Michelin. These accessories rely on their own huge sales volume to form their own system, forming a coverage of the surrounding area. The third is the supply chain platform. At present, this type of platform can specifically refer to the tripartite platform for model parts. Because it`s a pity that other national types such as the tripartite model of wearing parts (such as Shenqi Online), the direct selling model of wearing parts (such as Beijing Zhongchi), and the whole car parts direct selling model (such as the former Baturu), basically no longer exist. On the original track. The source of the tripartite platform is that the platform is integrated from the upstream, the source of goods is relatively concentrated, and the quantity has certain advantages. They know that terminal distribution is their weakness, and try their best to make up for it. For example, Kaisi did the Little Lion logistics, and Tuhu did Tuhu express delivery. However, because of its strong trading attributes, it is impossible to integrate the sources of other parts suppliers who are not trading on the platform, and the advancing speed is relatively slow. The smallest order density is the auto parts chain model. Ordinary single stores generate dozens of orders a day, and the regular maintenance parts stocked by auto repair shops will be selected for scheduled delivery, usually one delivery every day. The emergency needs of auto repair shops will choose immediate delivery, such as motorcycles, freight lesbians, or self-driving. Because auto parts chain stores rely solely on their own generation of orders, the cost of distribution is the most expensive. In summary, in comparison of order density, auto parts city>factory direct sales>supply chain platform>parts chain. picture The number of supply chain nodes The second indicator introduced to evaluate the efficiency of the supply chain is the number of supply chain nodes. There will be a large number of node companies participating in the entire supply chain, such as participating manufacturers, wholesalers, parts dealers, insurance companies, and participating transporters, warehouses, movers, packers, advertising companies, etc. From the factory out of the warehouse to the end of the sales return, the fewer node companies participating in the entire chain, the more efficient the supply chain. We still analyze the number of supply chain nodes in the four modes. The model with the most participants and node companies is the auto parts city model. On the surface, the information exchange, capital flow and cargo transfer of various factory offices, parts dealers, distribution service providers, and warehouse service providers in Auto Parts City are all under the invisible hand of the market, and they operate very efficiently. However, there are mountains outside the mountains, and there are people outside the mountains. With the advancement of technology and the maturity of the market, the supply chain relationship has gradually evolved into a new model. The second is the supply chain platform model. For the old and new trading platforms in the market, the conventional trading deduction points are all around 3%. If you have more platforms, you can't receive them, and you can't cover operating costs if you don't. The gross profit of maintenance parts is generally 15%-25%, and the gross profit of model parts is generally 25%-35%, which includes expenditures for logistics, warehouses, capital costs, marketing and other items. If the auto parts supply chain platform has no idea about the value of the 3% supply chain, it may not be able to tell which is the enemy and which is the friend in the market. Once again is the auto parts chain model. They pick up factories and auto repair shops, and integrate a large number of intermediate dealers. Help factories to promote products, provide technical services, and conclude deals, withdraw funds. The number of participants in the entire supply chain node is greatly reduced. Of course, directly-operated auto parts chains have one less transaction side than franchised auto parts chains. The previous problem with direct-operated auto parts chains was low management efficiency. The more stores there are, the more loopholes there are. Now that technology advances, the management system is gradually improved, and management efficiency is greatly improved. These technological advances have supported the rapid development of the direct-operated auto parts chain in the direction of both scale and economy. Finally, the least number of node companies is the factory direct sales model. Factory products are sold directly to stores, which has always been regarded as the utopia of the supply chain, and it is the most efficient and ideal model. But the emergence of this final game requires two conditions: First, technology must advance, and the supply chain is based on the development of productivity. As technology advances, new production tools will appear, which will lead to adjustments in the production relations at various nodes. Second, there is a sequence of categories, and different categories will have a sequence when entering this stage. Generally speaking, non-technical and low-service accessories will be sold earlier. Ximei products are earlier than oil and electric ships, earlier than wearing parts, earlier than special parts, and earlier than model parts. In summary, in terms of the number of nodes, factory direct sales <auto parts chain <supply chain platform <auto parts city. picture Who can reach the top of the four major models? The direction is wrong, the effort was in vain. As the market develops, which of the four modes will be the first to reach the top of Huashan Mountain? Let me talk about Auto Parts City first. Due to the growth of supply chain platforms, auto parts alliances, and auto parts chains, as well as the reduction of new energy vehicle SKUs and the decline in maintenance, the cargo collection function of Auto Parts City is rapidly declining. The supply of goods in the auto parts city after the bottom of the pot is also rapidly declining. When the order density drops to a certain level, the shuttle delivery model fed by a large number of sources will be hit, and the delivery frequency will gradually decrease. The reduction in the distribution frequency will accelerate more auto parts dealers to leave the auto parts city. Because neither a single auto parts supplier nor an auto parts alliance can centralize the supply of goods as before, there may no longer be as high-frequency shuttle buses as eight times a day in the future. Finally, the "auto parts city + shuttle delivery" model will be replaced by the "alliance + own delivery" or "platform + integrated delivery" model. Therefore, the first to be eliminated may be the auto parts city model with decreasing order density and more node companies. However, the author mentioned in the previous article that China has a vast territory, a large gap between east and west, north and south, and economic development at different levels. The pattern of the decline of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen may still be in the ascendant in the Mainland. In addition, the auto parts city may not necessarily die out, and the auto parts city in the first-tier cities may accelerate to evolve into an auto repair city in the future. The second is an auto parts supply chain platform that is not dominant in order density and participating nodes (here specifically refers to the tripartite platform for model parts). For Chetongyun in 2020 and Good Auto Parts in 2021, there are fewer and fewer supply chain platform companies fighting on the national battlefield. The supply chain platform seems to have everything but nothing. The supply chain platform needs to reduce the number of nodes in its supply chain system, and it must start from the capital level with the local auto parts alliance, deeply bind it, and merge into a transaction body. Instead of simply setting up operation centers in East China and South China. The third is auto parts chain. The problem that auto parts chains are facing now is that there are not enough counties in China. In the mainstream of several national auto parts chains, regardless of the quality of the stores, the number of 3,000 has basically reached its peak. This number is precisely the number of county-level administrative regions in China. Now that the number has reached its peak, the growth of single-store sales has become a top priority. Single store sales are actually the order density mentioned earlier. At present, in addition to Kangzhong, the general choice for wearing parts auto parts chains is to expand into model parts, or to form a more sticky franchise relationship with local auto repair shops. This topic is a bit big, here is a few words. For car model parts, the vulnerable parts auto parts chain in big cities can't do the model parts auto parts alliance, and there is no stocking scale in small cities. Therefore, it is very important in which cities and which categories are the vulnerable parts auto parts chain to do. Compared to car model parts, franchising auto repair may be a better choice. Auto parts chains can rely on the resources of themselves and upstream factories to help auto repair shops attract and retain customers, turn car owners into private traffic of the Auto Parts Auto Repair Alliance, and form traffic depressions in some areas. Because single auto parts chain stores have less monopoly in larger cities, this style of play is more suitable for big cities. Then, the future road of auto parts chains is relatively clear: small cities selectively make car models, and big cities turn car owners into private domain traffic for joining auto repair stores. Fourth, the so-called distributors of flowing water are factories of iron hitting. Regardless of the east, west, north and south winds, I stayed still. From a trend point of view, there are more and more factories sinking to auto repair shops and even to car owners. Not only parts factories are sinking, but OEMs are sinking too. New energy OEMs are even more serious. Their operation is from the owner side; their products are naturally digitized, and their cars can be diagnosed online. The most famous is the home repair model of Weilai Auto, and Tesla's direct sales after-sales model. The Red Sea seen by the four models of the traditional automotive supply chain is just a puddle for parts and OEMs. There is a sentence in "Three Body": The sea has dried up, and the fish that dried the sea are not there. The factory is the fish that dries the water, but they themselves are not in the Red Sea. So, what to do with you to destroy you. The time left for traditional supply chain companies may not be much.

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